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Endoscopic Sinus Surgery is a closed surgical approach aimed at enlarging the natural openings of the sinuses and removing inflammatory tissue or accumulations inside them. Since the procedure is performed through the nostrils, it does not leave any facial incisions; target tissues are visualized with millimetric precision using imaging. The goal is to permanently improve nasal ventilation and sinus drainage.
Patients with recurrent or chronic sinusitis attacks despite medical treatment, sinus polyps, fungal sinus infections, frequent headaches, and nasal congestion may be suitable candidates. When anatomical narrowings, polyps, and blockage-like structures at the sinus openings are opened endoscopically, the effectiveness of medications also increases.
The scope of surgery is determined through physical examination, endoscopic nasal evaluation, and usually sinus tomography. The use of blood thinners, allergy history, and accompanying medical conditions are clarified with the physician. During surgical planning, decisions are made regarding which sinus areas will be opened, polyp regions, and whether accompanying issues such as septal deviation or turbinate hypertrophy can be corrected in the same session.
The procedure is performed under general anesthesia using endoscopes inserted through the nasal passages. The natural sinus openings are widened, and polyps and inflamed tissues are removed. Nasal silicone splints or light packing may be used for bleeding control. The duration of the procedure varies depending on the extent of the disease, but most patients are managed as day surgery or with a one-night hospital stay.
The closed technique, absence of facial scars, and targeted approach are major advantages. Significant improvement in breathing quality, sense of smell, and headaches is expected. As with any surgery, risks such as bleeding, infection, adhesions, and rarely recurrence of polyps exist; regular follow-ups and proper nasal care reduce these risks.
Crusting and a sensation of fullness during the first week are normal. Regular saline irrigations, correct use of prescribed sprays and medications, and follow-up visits accelerate healing. Generally, return to daily activities occurs within 1–2 weeks, and a gradual return to exercise is planned within 3–4 weeks.
Severe bleeding, rising fever, increasing facial pain or swelling, or changes in vision require urgent medical evaluation. Not missing follow-up appointments is the key to long-term success.